Peripheral nerve injury has detrimental effects on the quality of life for patients and is a worldwide issue with high rates of morbidity. Research on the molecular mechanisms of nerve injury, microsurgical techniques, and advances in stem cell research have led to substantial progress in the field of translational neurophysiology. Current research on peripheral nerve regeneration aims to accelerate peripheral nerve development through pluripotent stem cells and potential use of smart exosomes, pharmacological agents, and bioengineering of nerve conduits. In this article critically reviewed and summarized various methods used for peripheral nerve regeneration and highlight the opportunities and challenges that come along with these strategies.
Peripheral nerve injury is a clinical problem with detrimental consequences that results in roughly 150 billion dollars in annual costs for injuries to the median and ulnar nerve; about 87% of these costs being from lost production. Etiologies of peripheral nerve injuries include vibration injuries, ischemia, penetrating trauma, and electrocution. In a civilian setting, motor vehicle accidents, lacerations by sharp instruments, or bone fractures are the most common mechanisms of injury in peripheral nerve damage. Explosives and injuries from gunshots are the main reasons for peripheral nerve injury in a warfare setting. Although patients are treated for peripheral nerve damage, many do not go on to full recovery resulting in loss of sensory and motor function.
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